[Nkọwa Sayensị]
Hydrogels bụ netwọkụ nke ụdọ polymer hydrophilic, nke a na -akpọ gel colloidal, nke mmiri bụ ebe mgbasa. Ngwanrọ akụkụ atọ bụ n'ihi ụdọ polymer hydrophilic nke ejikọtara site na njikọ njikọ. N'ihi njikọta njikọta, enweghị oke mmiri ga-agbaze iguzosi ike n'ihe nke netwọkụ hydrogel (doi: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00389). Hydrogels na -etinyekwa uche nke ukwuu (ha nwere ike ịnwe ihe karịrị 90% mmiri) netwọkụ polymer eke ma ọ bụ sịntetik. Okwu a bụ "hydrogel" pụtara na akwụkwọ mbụ na 1894 (doi: 10.1007/BF01830147). Na mbu, nyocha banyere hydrogels lekwasịrị anya na netwọkụ polymer nwere njikọ kemịkalụ dị mfe iji mụọ njiri mara ya, dị ka ọzịza/ọzịza kinetics na nha, mgbasa solute, mgbanwe ntụgharị olu na esemokwu esemokwu, na nyocha ụdị ngwa a. Dị ka ophthalmology na nnyefe ọgwụ. Site na mmepe nke nyocha hydrogel na -aga n'ihu, mgbado anya ya esila na netwọk dị mfe banye na netwọkụ “nzaghachi”. N'oge a, hydrogels dị iche iche nwere ike ịzaghachi mgbanwe na ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi dịka pH, okpomọkụ, na ọkụ eletrik na ndọta. A na -atụ aro imepụta igwe hydrogel nke na -anabata ọkụ eletrik na ndọta. Agbanyeghị, hydrogels n'oge ahụ na -adịkarị nro ma ọ bụ na -emebi ngwa ngwa, nke na -amachi ngwa ha nwere. Site na mpụta nke puku afọ ọhụrụ, hydrogels abanyela n'ọgbọ ọhụrụ, na -enwe mmezi nke ọma na akụrụngwa ha. Ihe ịga nke ọma a emeela ka e nwee ọtụtụ ọmụmụ gbasara hydrogels. N'oge a, enwere ike iji ụzọ kemịkal dị iche iche nwere akụkụ na-ewe ume iji mepụta hydrogels siri ike karịa akwara na cartilage. Na mgbakwunye, ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka ịgwọ onwe onye, nzaghachi mkpali ọtụtụ, nrapado, nnukwu mmiri mmiri, wdg. Mmepe ohuru nke hydrogel siri ike agbasawanyela ngwa ngwa nke ihe a n'ọhịa dị iche iche, gụnyere robots dị nro, ihe aka mere. akụkụ ahụ, ọgwụ na -emegharị ahụ, wdg (doi: /10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00238).
【Ebumnuche bụ isi】
1. Ọkpụkpụ na injin anụ ahụ (doi: 10.1002/advs.201801664).
2. Mgbe ejiri ya dị ka ihe mkpuchi, hydrogel nwere ike ịnwe mkpụrụ ndụ mmadụ iji rụzie anụ ahụ. Ha na -e mimomi microenvironment 3D nke mkpụrụ ndụ (doi: 10.1039/C4RA12215).
3. Jiri olulu mmiri kpuchiri hydrogel maka ọdịbendị sel (doi: 10.1126/science.1116995).
4. Hydrogels na -emetụta gburugburu ebe obibi (nke a na -akpọkwa "smart gels" ma ọ bụ "smart gels"). Hydrogels ndị a nwere ikike ịmata mgbanwe na pH, ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ itinye uche metabolite wee hapụ mgbanwe ndị dị otú ahụ (doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.011).
5. hydrogel injectable, nke enwere ike iji dị ka onye na -ebu ọgwụ maka ịgwọ ọrịa ma ọ bụ onye na -ebu sel maka ebumnuche mweghachi ma ọ bụ injin anụ ahụ (doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00769).
6. Sistemụ nnyefe ọgwụ kwụsiri ike. Enwere ike iji ike Ionic, pH na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị ka ihe na -akpata ịchịkwa mwepụta ọgwụ (doi: 10.1016/j.cocis.2010.05.016).
7. Nye mmịkọ nke anụ ahụ necrotic na fibrotic, degreasing na debridement
8. Enwere ike iji hydrogels na -emeghachi na molekul (dịka glucose ma ọ bụ antigens) dị ka biosensors ma ọ bụ DDS (doi: 10.1021/cr500116a).
9. Ihe nhicha akwa nwere ike ịmịkọrọ mmamịrị ma ọ bụ tinye akwa nhicha ahụ (doi: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.11.024).
10. Anya kọntaktị (silicone hydrogel, polyacrylamide, hydrogel nke nwere silicon).
11. EEG na ECG ọgwụ elektrọnik na-eji hydrogels mejupụtara polymer njikọ (polyethylene oxide, polyAMPS na polyvinylpyrrolidone).
12. Hydrogel ihe mgbawa.
13. Nlekọta akụkụ ime na nyocha.
14. Ịkwakọba ntụpọ kwantum.
15. Ihe etinyere ara (nkwalite ara).
16. Mmanya.
17. Akụkụ ndị e ji echekwa mmiri mmiri na mpaghara kpọrọ nkụ.
18. Uwe eji agwọ ọkụ ma ọ bụ ọnya ndị ọzọ siri ike ịgwọ. Gel ọnya na -enye aka nke ukwuu n'ịmepụta ma ọ bụ idobe gburugburu mmiri.
19. Nchekwa ọgwụ maka iji mpụga; karịsịa ọgwụ ionic nke iontophoresis na -enye.
20. Akụrụngwa na -eme ka anụ anụ mucosal anụ ahụ, nke a na -eji anwale njirimara nrapado mucosal nke sistemụ nnyefe ọgwụ (doi: 10.1039/C5CC02428E).
21. Mmepụta ọkụ ọkụ. Mgbe ejikọtara ya na ion, ọ nwere ike gbasaa okpomọkụ site na ngwaọrụ eletriki na batrị, wee gbanwee mgbanwe okpomọkụ ka ọ bụrụ ụgwọ eletrik.
【Ọganihu anyị ugbu a】
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na -eji ngwa hydrogel anyị na cosmetology na ọgwụgwọ ahụike, ma na -ejigide ọnọdụ mbụ na ụlọ ọrụ hydrogel n'ụlọ na mba ofesi na teknụzụ, QA \ QC na -akwụkwa chịm.
Oge ezipụ: Aug-11-2021